The University of Edinburgh -
Division of Informatics
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PhD Thesis #9723

Title:Planning Dextrous Robot Hand Grasps from Range Data, Using Preshapes and Digit Trajectories
Authors:Wren,DO
Date: 1997
Presented:
Keywords:
Abstract:Dextrous robot hands have many degrees of freedom. This enables the manipulation of objects between the digits of the dextrous hand but makes grasp planning substantially more complex than for prallel jaw grippers. Much of the work that addresses grasp planning for dextrous hands concentrates on the selection of contact sites to optimise stability criterial and ignores the kinematics of the hand. in more complete systems, the paradigm of preshaping has emerged as dominant. However, the criteria for the formation and placement of the preshapes have not been adequately examined, and the usefulness of the systems is therefore limited to grasping simple objects for which preshapes can be formed using coarse heuristics.In this thesis a grasp metric based on stability and kinematic feasibility is introduced. The preshaping paradigm is extended to include consideration of the trajectories that the digits take during closure from preshape to final grasp. The resulting grasp family is dependent upon task requirement and is designed for a set of "ideal" object-hand configurations. The grasp family couples the degrees of freedom of the dextrous hand in ananthropomorphic manner; the resulting reduction in freedom makes the grasp planning less complex. Grasp families are fitted to real objects by optimisation of the gr`asp metric; this corresponds to fitting the real object-hand configuration as close to the ideal as possible. First, the preshape aperature, which defines the position of the fingertips in the preshape, is found by optimisation of an approximation to the grasp metric (which makes simplifying assumptions about the digit trajectories and hand kinematics). Second, the full preshape kinematics and digit closure trajectories are calculated to optimise the full grasp metric.Grasps are planned on object models built from laser striper rnage data from two viewpoints.
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